MAL

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

Polyclonal

Rabbit

Ion exchange chromatography purified

Supplied in PBS containing 0.02% sodium azide.

Can be stored at -20 degree C, stable for one year. As with all antibodies care should be taken to avoid repeated freeze thaw cycles. Antibodies should not be exposed to prolonged high temperatures.

Small volumes of anti-TIRAP antibody vial(s) may occasionally become entrapped in the seal of the product vial during shipment and storage. If necessary, briefly centrifuge the vial on a tabletop centrifuge to dislodge any liquid in the container`s cap. Certain products may require to ship with dry ice and additional dry ice fee may apply.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signaling molecules that recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. These proteins act through adaptor molecules such as TIRAP and MyD88 to activate various kinases and transcription factors. In TIRAP-deficient mice, TLR signaling in response to TLR2 ligands (using either TLR1 and TLR6 as co-receptors) is totally abolished, suggesting that MyD88 and TIRAP work together and are both required for TLR2 signaling. Furthermore, these mice are also resistant to the toxic effects of LPS and show defects in NF-kB and MAP kinase activation, suggesting that TIRAP is also involed in TLR4 signaling.

Total protein Ab

ELISA (EIA), Western Blot (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Western blot analysis of TIRAP in MCF-7 cell lysate with TIRAP antibody at 4 ug/mL.

Immunohistochemistry of TIRAP in human heart tissue with TIRAP antibody at 20 ug/mL.

27,948 Da

toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adaptor protein

toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein

MAL; TIR domain-containing adapter protein; MyD88-2??[Similar Products]

TIRAP_HUMAN

The innate immune system recognizes microbial pathogens through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Different TLRs recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns and all TLRs have a Toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain, which is responsible for signal transduction. The protein encoded by this gene is a TIR adaptor protein involved in the TLR4 signaling pathway of the immune system. It activates NF-kappa-B, MAPK1, MAPK3 and JNK, which then results in cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants; however, not all variants have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

TIRAP: an adapter protein involved in the TLR4 signaling pathway in the innate immune response. Acts via IRAK2 and TRAF-6, leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B, ERK1, ERK2 and JNK, resulting in cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Homodimerizes. Also forms heterodimers with MyD88. Binds to TLR4 and IRAK2 via their respective TIR domains. Binds to PKR and TBK1. Does not interact with IRAK1, nor TLR9. Genetic variations in TIRAP can influence susceptibility or resistance to infectious diseases, including invasive pneumococcal disease, malaria and tuberculosis. Three isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Adaptor/scaffold

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 11q24.2

Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; intercellular bridge; endocytic vesicle; cytoplasm; plasma membrane; cytosol

Molecular Function: protein binding, bridging; protein binding; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding; protein homodimerization activity; protein kinase C binding; protein heterodimerization activity

Biological Process: I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; positive regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway; positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; positive regulation of interleukin-12 production; positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process; positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway; positive regulation of JNK cascade; response to lipopolysaccharide; positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; positive regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway; toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway; activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor; regulation of innate immune response; positive regulation of interleukin-8 production; MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; cell surface receptor linked signal transduction; positive regulation of interleukin-15 production; toll-like receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of B cell proliferation; innate immune response; myeloid cell differentiation; regulation of interferon-beta production; inflammatory response; toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Disease: Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Recurrent Isolated, 1; Bacteremia, Susceptibility To, 1; Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Susceptibility To; Malaria, Susceptibility To

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